About the book: year / The reason for writing the note was the death of the former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet on December 10, 2006, which caused a stream of discussions in the media about his role. • The note examines the prehistory of the political “two-step” “Allende -> Pinochet”, its stages and results. The identity of the principles of the political scenario implemented in Chile in the 1960s - 1990s and the political scenario implemented in the USSR - post-Soviet Russia from 1985 to the present is shown. • A general assessment is given of the Chicago school of economics and its adherents. • An understanding was expressed of what modernization of the country is. • Using the example of the modernization of Malaysia, it is shown that objectively Chile had the opportunity to avoid the tragedy of the 1970s - 1990s, which Chilean society was unable to take advantage of due to subjective and cultural reasons.