About the book: 2015 / The 1940s-1980s became a special era in the history of school in the USSR, as well as in the countries of Eastern and Western Europe. In the post-war era, schools on both sides of the Iron Curtain faced a number of complex challenges to which teachers, students, and educational administrators alike had to respond. The response to this crisis was the rapid growth of new educational institutions and many projects and programs for educational reform, often utopian. The authors of this collective monograph examine several of the most important ideas that were embodied in state and local educational initiatives of the post-war period: new collectivism, an individual approach to the child, polytechnization of the school, a combination of planning and creativity in the organization of education. The collection also deals with the continuity and ruptures with the pedagogy of previous periods (1900-1930s), the fate of various disciplines of the school course, as well as the depiction of the school and schoolchildren in literature and cinema. The articles in the collection are devoted to school education and out-of-school forms of organizing children in the republics of the USSR, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Sweden and Germany.