About the book: 2015 / Part of the collection De Aenigmatae / About the secret. By now, it has become clear to many unbiased scientists and readers interested in history that the monumental pyramids of the Giza plateau, which we are accustomed to perceive as the “face” of ancient Egyptian civilization, never served as the tombs of the pharaohs, appeared much earlier than the era of the Old Kingdom and were not built using fairly simple tools and techniques. Since the 1990s Many works have been published that convincingly show the inconsistency of many of the views of official Egyptology on the most important monuments of the ancient history of Egypt. The authors of these works, as a rule, are not professional historians. Unfortunately, academic scientists immediately dismiss all (or almost all) alternative versions, urging them not to take them seriously. Meanwhile, so many facts that do not correspond to the orthodox version of Egyptology have already been revealed that it is impossible to continue to ignore them. The article presents a typology of modern hypotheses and works devoted to the pyramids of ancient Egypt, mainly Giza. Approaches to the problems of the purpose of their construction (why?), dating (when?), technology (how?) and the subject of construction (who?) are discussed in detail. With the use of extensive literature from the late 20th - early 21st centuries. it is shown that traditional Egyptology is not able to satisfactorily answer any of these fundamental questions and an interdisciplinary approach is required, taking into account the achievements of the natural sciences..