About the book: 2014 / Professional historians and publicists have broken many copies in discussions regarding the cooperation of Ukrainian nationalists with the Germans, the struggle of the UPA with the Red Army and the Wehrmacht, the participation of UPA soldiers in the destruction of civilians population. The “UPA problem” is still an issue dividing Ukrainian society. For some, members of the OUN and UPA are bandits, “Ukrainian-German nationalists,” simple executors of the will of their foreign masters. For others, these are undoubted heroes, and Ukrainian nationalism is a force that fought in an unequal struggle against two totalitarianisms, and never had anything in common with fascism. So who were the Ukrainian nationalists really? The work presented to the reader's attention answers this question to some extent. Without pretending to be comprehensive and write an exhaustive history of the OUN and UPA, the author has set himself a more modest goal: to consider the national aspects of the OUN ideology, to understand what meaning Ukrainian nationalists put into the concept of “nation”, how the attitude of Ukrainian nationalists towards national minorities was formed and developed, how ideas about the role and place of national minorities in Ukraine correlated with the practical policies of Ukrainian nationalists.